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On the basis of his model, Simpson found that PHEVs can reduce per-vehicle petroleum consumption. In particular, reductions higher than 45% in the petroleum consumption can be achieved using designs of PHEV20 or higher (i.e. vehicles containing enough useable energy stored in their battery to run more than 20 mi (32 km) on the UDDS cycle in electric mode according to the previous definition of AER). The study of Simpson, 2006 underlined that from the economic point of view, the PHEVs can become a competitive technology is the cost of petroleum will continue to increase and the cost of the batteries will decrease.īecause of different characteristics of multiple energy sources, the fuel economy and the environmental impact of hybrid vehicles mainly depend on a proper power management strategy. The particular operating strategy employed in this kind of vehicles significantly influences the component attributes and the value of the PHEV technology ( Gonder et al. Generally speaking, the environmental impact of an ecologic vehicle has to be determined with a “well to wheel” (WTW) approach.

From a “tank to wheel” (TTW) point of view, a BEV, or a PHEV running in electric mode do not produce either pollutant or greenhouse gases while the emissions of pollutant and CO 2 in the WTW processes depend on the primary source and the technology used to generate electric energy at the grid.

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